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Article 10 of 1139%
Nederlands

Article 10: Data and data governance

Praxikon tracks Article 10 (Data and data governance) under the EU AI Act, citing the source for every statement.

EU Official:
UpcomingAnnex III from 2 Dec 2027; Annex I from 2 Aug 2028
Title III: High-Risk AI Systems

Application dates

  • : Requirements for high-risk systems listed in Annex III
  • : Requirements for high-risk systems linked to Annex I

Article 10 requires training, validation and test data to be relevant, representative, error-free and complete. Datasets must take into account specific characteristics of the intended use context.

Official text

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Source: EUR-Lex, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. Text reproduced verbatim.

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Official guidance on this article

2

Compliance checklist

  • Training data is relevant and representative
  • Datasets checked for errors and bias
  • Data governance procedures established
  • Validation and test sets separated from training data
  • Data privacy protection ensured

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Cross-references

Articles

Art. 9Art. 11Art. 12Art. 13

Recitals

6768697071

Annexes

Annex 4

Frequently asked questions

What requirements does the AI Act set for training data?+
Article 10 requires training, validation and test data to be relevant, representative, error-free and complete. Datasets must take into account specific characteristics of the intended use context.
What documentation does Article 10 of the AI Act require?+
Article 10 of the AI Act requires that relevant documentation is maintained as part of the compliance process. This may include technical documentation, instructions for use, logs or declarations of conformity, depending on the classification of the AI system.
How do I document compliance with Article 10 of the AI Act?+
You document compliance with Article 10 of the AI Act by establishing a risk management system, maintaining technical documentation, and conducting internal audits. Keep all relevant documents for the period prescribed by the AI Act.
May I use special category personal data for bias detection in training data?+
Yes, Article 10(5) explicitly allows processing of special categories of personal data (such as ethnicity or gender) for monitoring, detecting and correcting bias, provided this is strictly necessary, appropriate safeguards are in place, and it is not possible with synthetic or anonymised data.
What requirements does the AI Act set for the quality of training data?+
Article 10 requires that training, validation and test data are relevant, representative, as error-free as possible, and complete for the intended purpose. Datasets must have appropriate statistical properties, consider the specific context, and be free from bias that could lead to discrimination.
Do I need to document the provenance of my training data?+
Yes, Article 10 in combination with Annex IV requires you to document the provenance of training data, including how data was obtained, selected and preprocessed. This is essential for traceability and demonstrating compliance.

What Article 10 requires in practice

Connections

What connects to Article 10 AI Act

Themes where this returns

The counterpart in the other law

GDPR interpretation that also applies here6 of 10